Sampling rate conversion (SRC) is one of important issues in modern sampling theory. It can be realized by up-sampling, filtering, and down-sampling operations, which need large complexity. Although some efficient algorithms have been presented to do the sampling rate conversion, they all need to compute the N-point original signal to obtain the up-sampling or the down-sampling signal in the time domain. Most of the published papers about the sampling rate conversion require the signal to be band limited in the Fourier transform domain, and there are few paper published related to the SRC in the linear canonical transform (LCT) domain. This paper investigates how to perform the SRC in the discrete linear canonical transform (DLCT) domain for integer and fractional rate conversion. The simulations are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed results.

Objective: Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are the most widely used prenatal diagnostic methods. Despite their benefits, they can be associated with adverse pregnancy effects, but the exact prevalence of these complications especially in twin pregnancies is not exactly known. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine post-amniocentesis or CVS complications in twin pregnancies. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on 187 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis or CVS in the perinatology department of Yas Hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to March 2020. All participants were evaluated with amniocentesis or CVS by an expert perinatologist. The study outcomes were considered as the occurrence of vaginal bleeding, rupture of the membranes, chorioamnionitis, and abortion. Results: The mean age of women was 33. 5 ± 6. 5 years. About 90 % of pregnant women underwent amniocentesis and the others underwent CVS. In 132 (70. 6%) pregnant women, the most common indication for diagnostic prenatal tests was having high-risk first/second-trimester screening followed by abnormal ultrasound anomaly scan in 31 (16. 6%) cases. It was also found that in 80 (42. 8%) patients, the placenta site was in the anterior part and 65 (34. 8%) in the posterior part. The diagnostic test results were normal in 170 (90. 4%) cases, while trisomy 21 was detected in 13 (7%) cases and trisomy 13 in 4 (2. 1%) cases. The rate of abortion following CVS or amniocentesis in twin pregnancies was 3. 7%, which was not associated with the study variables. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the rate of miscarriage following amniocentesis and CVS in twin pregnancies is 3. 7%. Therefore, reassuring the parents about the benefits of amniocentesis or CVS rather than their rare complications is necessary.

Today, auscultation is one of the most effective methods in monitoring heart disease. With the advancement of technology and the facilitation of telecare on the one hand, and the increasing need for high quality and long-term recording of cardiac audio signals on the other hand, the amount of data generated has increased and therefore, the storage and transmission of these signals has become a challenge. This, in turn, demonstrates the importance and necessity of using efficient methods for compression of these types of signals. In this paper, a lossy compression method is proposed for PCG signals recorded at a relatively high sampling rate so that it can control the quality of the compressed signal. This method is based on two techniques: "two-stage downsampling" and "pattern matching". The proposed two-stage downsampling technique increases the amount of compression ratio and at the same time reduces the computational complexity. The pattern matching technique is able to reduce the inter-period redundancy and therefore, increase the compression ratio. The simulation results of the proposed method on the two databases of the University of Michigan and the University of Washington showed that the two-stage downsampling and pattern matching techniques have a large contribution in increasing the compression ratio. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated according to the PRD and CR criteria and compared with that of some existing methods. In this evaluation, for the PRD range of 5%, the CR value was between 2500 and 3900 for the University of Michigan database and between 2500 and 4125 for the University of Washington database. Also, the results of applying the proposed method on the Pascal database showed that the efficiency of the proposed method depends to a large extent on the quality and regularity of the input PCG signals.

Considering the facts that existing biosensors in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)-that are in charge of collecting vital sign data of patients, performing preprocessing and sending them to a data fusion center-have limitations in energy consumption and data processing capability of biosensors, therefore, sampling rate has a direct impact on network energy consumption and its useful lifetime. Regarding the above issues, this paper presents an adaptive approach to determining optimal sampling rate for data management. In this regard, by using National Early Warning Score (NEWS) system, the biosensors collect relevant data and recognize the emergency information locally. To optimize nodes' activity, information about the patient's activity is extracted so that when the patient's activity is normal some of the nodes are transferred from active mode to sleep mode. Also, to determine the exact sampling rate, a statistical test was first developed to evaluate the variance associated with the patient's vital signs. Then, by using an appropriate interpolation function, the optimal sampling rate is determined. The interpolation function uses two main factors to determine the sampling rate: the patient's risk information and the values measured by the pivot node. Simulation results show about 66 percent optimization in number of communicated data and increasing more than 2. 5 times of network lifetime.

GPS, among the various methods of traffic data collection has special popularity due to the low cost and wide access. The primary factor for reliability of determined parameters extracted GPS trajectories is the correct calculation of a vehicle location on a road segment, which is realized by a map-matching algorithm. High percent of GPS trajectories is taken from a variety of sources including mobile GPS, GPS equipped vehicles the, fleet public transport, and social networks are in low sampling rate between 2 to 6 minutes. So determining a suitable map matching algorithm to reduce data errors seems necessary. This paper aims to implement ST-matching and IVVM algorithms to match the GPS tracking data and extract traffic parameters and traffic map by matched trajectories. A special characteristics of ST-matching algorithm is to employ simultaneous spatial, temporal and topology analysis. IVMM algorithm not only considers the spatial and temporal information of a GPS trajectory but also devise a voting-based strategy to model the weighted mutual influences between GPS points. To evaluate these algorithms GPS trajectories with 2 minutes sampling rate of public fleet transport related to bus lines are used. ST-matching algorithm use only one point before each sampling point to match it there for the first point has not any before point, there is no the previous point, so the algorithm is highly dependent on the starting point. IVMM algorithm by modeling mutual influences between GPS points provides more effective and strong result. Distance Weight Function plays an important role in IVMM algorithm. By increasing the value of the parameter beta in Distance Weight function increases map matching accuracy. The obtained accuracy of the method of IVMM and the ST-matching is 88% 73% respectively. The results of this study show the IVMM algorithm outperforms the ST-matching method. Also In the face of U-turn IVMM gives better results.

Based on the compressed sensing theory, if a signal is sparse in a suitable space, by using the optimization methods, signal could be accurately reconstructed from measurements that are significantly less than the theoretical Shannon requirements. The sparse representation may exist for the signal and it is not available for the noise; this could be used to distinguish these two. On the other hand, in compressed sensing, finding the answer hinges on finding the most sparse solution; thus this technique can separate clean signal from the noise. In FMCW radar, the distance of a target could be obtained from the frequency of the receiver output signal. Since this signal has a sparse representation in the frequency domain, based on compressed sensing theory, it could be reconstructed from a few number of data. In this paper, a new method for signal processing of FMCW radar is presented based on compressed sensing. Moreover, by considering noise removal feature that is in the nature of this technique, it is shown that the effect of noise on the receiver output signal can be reduced and the system performance of the radar can be improved.

Background: Pain is a devastating experience for anybody particularly newborns. Diagnostic and medical procedures are one of the most common sources of pain at health settings.Purpose: This correlational-descriptive study was conducted to determine the relation between heart rate and blood sampling pain in hospitalized newborns at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamedan, 2005.Methods: 40 newborns were chosen by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, a checklist for assessing pulse rate, a pulse rate sensor fastened on the ankle of the newborns and a monitor to observe measurements. Content validity and interrater reliability methods were used to validate the tools and make them reliable. Data were analyzed by different statistical methods.Findings: Findings showed that the heart rate increased in most newborn (47.5%) during blood sampling by 10-20%.Conclusion: As increased heart rate resulted from pain is one of the signs of distress which threatens the condition of newborns, nurses should be alert in alleviating and controlling this pain.

Objective: Anesthetic techniques like the Akinosi technique were introduced to surmount the problems of the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique. This study aimed to compare the local anesthetic efficacy of IANB via the conventional and Akinosi techniques in patients presenting to the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 80 candidates for bilateral extraction of mandibular molars. For each patient, local anesthesia was induced by IANB injection, which was done by the conventional technique in one side and by the Akinosi technique in the other side of the mouth. The allocation of technique to side was randomized. Time to anesthesia for the long buccal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves (IAN), degree of pain during injection and tooth extraction and incidence of positive aspiration in the two techniques were evaluated and analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Chi square tests.Results: The mean time to anesthesia for the IAN was 2.82 minutes in the conventional and 3.05 minutes for the Akinosi technique. These values were 1.47 and 1.55 minutes, respectively for the lingual nerve and 1.43 and 1.56 minutes, respectively for the long buccal nerve. Four patients in the Akinosi technique and 12 patients in the conventional technique had positive aspiration. During anesthetic injection with the Akinosi technique, 72.5% were pain free, 18.8% experienced mild, 5% experienced moderate and 3.8% experienced severe pain. These values in the conventional technique were 51.3%, 27.5%, 11.3% and 10%, respectively.Conclusion: Considering the lack of a significant difference between the success rate of conventional and Akinosi IANB techniques, Akinosi technique seems to be a suitable alternative to the conventional technique since it is less painful and has lower risk of positive aspiration.

This paper proposes a 2.4 GHz active mixer without passive inductor for the transceiver system. Taking into account the design requirements of the mixer, a double-balanced down-conversion structure with active inductor and negative resistance is designed. The proposed mixer with 130 nm CMOS technology is designed and simulated using Cadence software at 1.5 V supply voltage. Although we had to compromise conversion gain with linearity, we were able to achieve very high conversion gain with average linearity. Based on the results of post-layout simulations, the conversion gain of 27.57 dB, IIP3 equal to -7.88 dBm, 1-dB compression point equal to -17.34 dBm and IIP2 equal to 44.22 dBm with power consumption of 2.5 mW was obtained for the proposed mixer. The chip size without input and output pads is 95.18 µm × 117.68 µm, which leads to a chip area of 0.0112mm2.